The Ventotene Manifesto, 1941

The Ventotene Manifesto (Italian: Manifesto di Ventotene), officially entitled For a Free and United Europe. A Draft Manifesto (Per un’Europa libera e unita. Progetto d’un manifesto), is a political statement written by Altiero Spinelli, Ernesto Rossi, and Eugenio Colorni.

Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Europe must unite (1938)

In 1938, amidst the emergence of totalitarian governments in Europe, Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi of Austria-Czechoslovakia, the founder of the Paneuropean Movement in 1923, reflected on the potential impact of the Paneuropean Union